The year 2017 marked the 50th anniversary of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a milestone celebrated with much fanfare and reflection. Amidst the festivities, then-US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson embarked on a pivotal trip to the region, aiming to bolster ties and address pressing regional challenges. His visit, while brief, left a lasting impact on US-ASEAN relations, shaping the trajectory of engagement for years to come.
Tillerson’s presence at the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in Manila, Philippines, underscored the Trump administration’s commitment, albeit evolving, to the Indo-Pacific region. His participation signified the importance of ASEAN centrality in US foreign policy, particularly in the context of a rising China and evolving geopolitical dynamics. The Secretary of State’s engagements focused on key areas of mutual interest, including counterterrorism, maritime security, and economic cooperation.
Navigating the South China Sea Dispute
One of the most pressing issues on the agenda was the South China Sea dispute, a long-standing point of contention in the region. Tillerson reiterated the US stance on freedom of navigation and overflight, urging all parties to resolve disputes peacefully and in accordance with international law. He emphasized the importance of upholding the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and called for a halt to militarization activities in the disputed waters.
While reaffirming the US commitment to its regional allies, Tillerson also emphasized the need for ASEAN to present a united front in addressing the South China Sea issue. He encouraged ASEAN member states to expedite the negotiation of a Code of Conduct (COC) with China, a framework aimed at managing tensions and preventing escalation in the disputed waters.
Strengthening Economic Ties and Promoting Trade
Beyond security concerns, Tillerson also focused on enhancing economic ties between the US and ASEAN. He highlighted the importance of the US-ASEAN Connect initiative, launched earlier that year, aimed at fostering closer cooperation in areas such as infrastructure development, digital economy, and energy. Tillerson emphasized the role of the private sector in driving economic growth and prosperity, calling for increased trade and investment between the US and Southeast Asia.
Tillerson’s Legacy: A Mixed Bag for US-ASEAN Relations
Rex Tillerson’s tenure as Secretary of State, though short-lived, had a notable impact on US-ASEAN relations. His focus on ASEAN centrality, while sometimes overshadowed by domestic political developments in Washington, provided a much-needed reassurance to Southeast Asian partners. His emphasis on economic engagement and regional cooperation resonated well with ASEAN leaders.
However, critics argue that the Trump administration’s withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a key trade agreement involving several ASEAN member states, undermined US credibility and economic influence in the region. Despite Tillerson’s efforts, the perception of US disengagement from Southeast Asia persisted.
In conclusion, Rex Tillerson’s visit during ASEAN’s 50th anniversary highlighted the complexities and opportunities inherent in US-ASEAN relations. While his tenure saw both progress and setbacks, his engagement underscored the enduring strategic importance of Southeast Asia to the United States. The legacy of his visit continues to shape US policy in the region, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that prioritizes both security and economic cooperation.
